During a recent visit to Scotland, Prince William and Kate Middleton were publicly referred to by additional titles, quietly reminding royal watchers of a long-standing tradition. While the couple are widely known as the Prince and Princess of Wales, their Scottish tour saw them addressed instead as the Duke and Duchess of Rothesay—an adjustment that briefly puzzled some fans.

The change isn’t new, but deeply rooted in history. When members of the royal family are north of the English border, different titles apply. Royal author Robert Jobson has explained that for more than 700 years, the heir to the throne in Scotland has been known as the Duke of Rothesay, a title dating back to 1396 when Scotland was still a separate kingdom. The title has traditionally been passed to the eldest male heir, which means Prince George is expected to inherit it once William becomes king.

This subtle title shift comes alongside other recent developments. Earlier this year, King Charles III granted William and Kate the authority to issue Royal Warrants, allowing them to formally endorse brands and businesses they regularly use—a role they are set to begin later this spring.

In addition to Prince and Princess of Wales and Duke and Duchess of Rothesay, the couple also hold the titles Duke and Duchess of Cornwall, as well as Earl and Countess of Chester. As their responsibilities continue to evolve, these historic titles serve as a reminder of the layered traditions that still shape royal life—at least until the day they take on the ultimate roles of King and Queen.