Buried more than 500 meters underground, a vast network of fortified bunkers—often called “missile cities”—has intensified global security concerns. These hidden facilities are built to survive heavy airstrikes, housing advanced weapons, launch systems, and personnel operating far from the surface.

The scale of the program highlights Iran’s position as a leading missile power in the Middle East. Estimates point to an arsenal of over 3,000 ballistic missiles, ranging from short-range systems to more advanced medium-range capabilities. This variety allows for different strategic uses and poses challenges for modern defense systems.

Particular attention has been given to missiles capable of reaching distances of up to 2,000 kilometers, including models like Shahab-3 and Sejjil. Their demonstrated accuracy in past operations has reinforced concerns that these systems are both modern and effective, not outdated stockpiles.

Recent developments have also focused on newer technologies such as hypersonic and cruise missiles. Projects like Fattah-2, if proven successful, could potentially bypass existing defense systems, while low-flying cruise missiles add an element of stealth by avoiding radar detection.

Alongside missiles, the growing use of drones—especially low-cost, swarm-capable systems—adds another layer to the strategy. These drones can overwhelm defenses, making it easier for more powerful weapons to reach their targets.

Despite past conflicts, reports suggest that much of this infrastructure remains intact due to its underground design, allowing for rapid recovery and continued development. While long-range intercontinental capabilities may still be years away, the immediate regional impact is significant.

Overall, these deeply buried missile networks reflect a broader shift in modern warfare—where resilience, concealment, and advanced technology combine to reshape the global security landscape.